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Trading

供需關係:如何應用於外匯交易?

Pepperstone
Pepperstone
Trading Guides
9 Aug 2023
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了解供需關係是成為成功和有利可圖的外匯交易者的關鍵。學習有關外匯供需的基礎知識,識別圖表中的供需區域,以及如何將其應用於良好的外匯交易策略。

外匯交易中的供求是什麼?

供求是影響外匯以及所有其他市場定價的主要因素。供應是指任何資產可用或流通的數量(例如美元),而需求是對該資產的普遍需求。

這兩個因素 - 供應和需求 - 共同決定了一種貨幣的價值。

這是由於兩個相關的經濟學術語,即供應法則和需求法則。需求法則規定,如果某項資產的需求增加,其價格將上漲。供應法則規定,如果某種物品的數量增加(沒有伴隨著需求的增加),那麼它的價格將下降。對於外匯市場來說,這可能意味著在外匯市場上有更多的某種貨幣在售,或者由中央銀行發行的該貨幣更多地在流通中。然而,如果出現稀缺情況,需求高於外匯市場或流通中當前某種貨幣的供應量,那麼其價格將上漲。

供应和需求的法则影响着金融世界中的每个市场行为,因此理解它们对于交易的成功至关重要。了解供应和需求如何影响资产的涨跌将显著增加您正确预测市场走势的机会。

供給和需求如何影響外匯市場?

供給和需求原則在交易中非常重要。在外匯交易中:

賣家數量 = 供給

買家數量 = 需求

在外匯市場中,這兩者都會受到整個市場中發生的事件的影響,因為這些事件將增加或減少對某一特定價格感興趣的人數。例如,如果某個國家出現了好的消息,這將吸引更多人在外匯市場上購買該國貨幣。由於需求大,可能沒有足夠的賣家,所以買家必須以溢價出價。如果出現重大負面消息,所有人都想賣出,可能沒有足夠的人願意提高報價,因此價格會進一步下跌。

因此,作為一個一般的經驗法則,大量尋求購買/做多某種貨幣的交易者將推高其價格,而許多希望賣空或卸掉特定貨幣頭寸的賣家將使其價格下跌。

影響外匯市場價值的另一個主要因素是美元本身的供求因素,因為幾乎所有世界範圍內的外匯交易(即使沒有美元作為貨幣對的一半)在交易中都使用美元進行結算。

供求關係實例

让我们来看一个假设性的例子来说明外汇市场中的供求关系。假设英格兰银行即将作出利率决策。这引发了对英镑/美元货币对的浓厚兴趣。市场对这个决定大体上感到满意,买家纷纷涌入,希望看涨英镑/美元货币对,这导致需求量大增。由于需求显著增加,该货币对的价格上涨。

受價格吸引,賣家紛紛提供英鎊兌美元貨幣。然而,經過一段時間,這意味著在某些人看來英鎊/美元貨幣對被高估了。買家的興趣(需求)減弱,意味著想要賣出該貨幣對的供應商必須打折出售。由於需求不再那麼旺盛,賣家的價格自動降低以吸引更多興趣。換句話說,供應超過需求,因此英鎊/美元貨幣對的價格下跌。

影響外匯供求的因素

正如我們所見,任何吸引買家和賣家興趣的事物都會影響一對貨幣的供求關係,從而影響其價格。這些因素包括:

大型全球新聞事件

  • 貨幣政策公告
  • 宏觀經濟周期的變化 - 例如從牛市轉向熊市
  • 通貨膨脹或利率的變化
  • 該國政治不確定性或全球不確定性
  • 国家主要出口产品价格的显著变化
graph data on monitor
Preview

當供應大於需求時會發生什麼

在外匯市場上,如果有更多的人願意以某個特定價格賣出某個貨幣對,而買家想要以此價格購買的人較少,可能沒有足夠的需求來提高該貨幣對的買入價格。沒有了這種需求,賣家就需要打折出售該貨幣對,從而將價格壓低。

supply curve char
Preview

當需求高於供應時會發生什麼?

有時,如果某物品的需求超過了供應量,供應商會增加該物品的生產量以從中獲利。如果隨後生產的物品足夠多,那麼這將使該物品的價格趨於平衡,甚至可能會因過度供應而貶值。

在外匯市場上,這樣的情況通常是許多交易者在某一貨幣對的價格高位時賣出,以從眾多買家中獲利。市場中的某些因素導致非常看漲的情緒,有更多的買家願意以特定價格進行做多交易,而賣家做空的興趣相對較少。這意味著在該價格上對於該貨幣對的供需出現了失衡。供應商(賣家)隨後需要以折扣價出售該貨幣對以吸引更多的興趣。這將觸發一個“拋售點”,導致該貨幣對的價格下跌。

demand curve chart
Preview

如何在外匯交易中使用供求關係?

供求是影響所有市場的自然法則,包括外匯交易中的貨幣對。如果你明白,在外匯交易中,賣方代表“供應”,買方代表“需求”,你就可以利用二者的自然節奏。例如,它們可以幫助你決定是否買進或賣出某個貨幣對。

觀察外匯圖表,你會注意到隨著時間的推移出現了一些運動模式,這些運動可以被歸類為“區域”。

貨幣對價格出現急劇上漲的時間段被稱為需求區域 - 表示有很多買家對該貨幣對感興趣,推動價格上漲。相反,當某個貨幣對的價格下跌時,表示有更多的賣家而不是買家,這被稱為供應區域。

總的來說,在任何外匯圖表上有四個可識別的區域:

  • 需求區(也稱為積累階段 - 當需求增加時)
  • 標記階段(當需求在一個高峰之後繼續上漲)
  • 分銷階段(當需求曲線趨於平坦,買家和賣家在該貨幣對上相差不多,價格趨於平穩)
  • 折價階段(當貨幣對的賣出量大於買入量,推動價格下跌。這也可以稱為供應區)

這是任何市場的自然節奏。換個角度來看,想像一下電視市場。假設有一款令人興奮的新電視發布,並且有很多需求。電視發布後有很多買家。在人們仍在購買的同時,電視製造商會提高價格以實現利潤。隨著時間的推移,可能是因為價格較高或新奇感減退,購買電視的人數減少,需求趨於平衡。隨著這種情況的持續發生,現在的電視數量超過了買家數量。所以,商家會降低電視的價格以吸引更多買家。

同樣的原理適用於外匯市場。如果您能正確識別任何一對貨幣的四個區域,您就可以更好地了解您的貨幣對在供求流動中的位置,這可能會提供一些關於接下來可能發生的線索。例如,如果您可以看到您的貨幣對的圖表看起來處於上漲階段,您就會知道當需求在分銷階段平衡或下降到低於該階段以進入供應區時,您的市場很可能會進入下降階段。

The material provided here has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and as such is considered to be a marketing communication. Whilst it is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research we will not seek to take any advantage before providing it to our clients. Pepperstone doesn’t represent that the material provided here is accurate, current or complete, and therefore shouldn’t be relied upon as such. The information, whether from a third party or not, isn’t to be considered as a recommendation; or an offer to buy or sell; or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security, financial product or instrument; or to participate in any particular trading strategy. It does not take into account readers’ financial situation or investment objectives. We advise any readers of this content to seek their own advice. Without the approval of Pepperstone, reproduction or redistribution of this information isn’t permitted.

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