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Gold

黄金为何将再次闪耀?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
6 Nov 2020
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美国大选的最终结果还不得而知,目前拜登在总统争夺中领跑,但共和党非常有希望继续掌握参议院。

宾夕法尼亚、乔治亚、北卡罗莱纳和内华达等关键州的计票仍在进行,而亚利桑那的归属存在不确定性。特朗普却已经按照此前的剧本设定在多个州开启了法律诉讼程序。

市场似乎已经接受了“分裂”的国会和政府的可能性。若民主党失去参议院,意味着即使拜登当选总统也无法顺利地兑现他主张的增税和加强监管等主张。这一预期使风险资产,尤其是科技股近日连续拉升。股市的走高削弱了美元的避险属性,从而提振了黄金的短期走势。

黄金周四最高触及1950,为6周以来的新高。日线图上,金价突破了近3个月的下降趋势线的压制,并且突破了连续数周的箱体整理区间,释放出了看涨的信号。5天EMA线(黑)向上穿越了50天均线(红),100天均线(蓝)继续稳步上扬并提供支撑。多头的下一个目标为1973.61,攻克后有望再次挑战2000美元大关。下方的支撑可看至箱体上沿1933以及下沿1860附近。

另外一个支撑金价短线突破的因素是大选可能产生的争议和混乱局面。特朗普竞选团队表示将在内华达州提起诉讼,此前已经在密歇根、宾夕法尼亚和乔治亚发起诉讼要求法院下令停止当地计票。与此同时,而越来越多的抗议活动正在街头涌现。大选的不确定性仍然无法完全排除,因此黄金获得部分避险买盘的青睐。

抛开短期的美国大选因素,长期来看,我们对黄金依然维持看涨的观点。

财政刺激方案

无论谁最终入主白宫或者掌控参议院,都将推出新一轮的财政刺激计划。此前民主党一直主张3万亿美元的刺激规模,而共和党则坚持1万亿左右。最终的规模大小可能存在变数,但对通胀和黄金的刺激效应是值得期待的。

美联储重任在肩

但是,由于目前选举悬而未决,市场对短期内的财政刺激计划无法抱有太大希望,因此市场将目光转向了美联储,寄望于更多的宽松货币政策来刺激经济复苏。昨天美联储的政策会议决定维持利率不变,重申维持宽松立场直到实现通胀和就业目标。

美联储此次的按兵不动符合市场预期,我们预期美联储将在大选结束之后的12月份会议上会有更明确的动作或表态,来回应早在9月就正式提出的2%“平均通胀目标”(即在一段时间内实现通胀率适度高于2%,从而使通胀率在一段时间内均值达到2%)。尽管当时设定了目标,但美联储却始终没有给出具体的细节和定义,如“一段时间”是多久,“适度”是的通胀率是多少,提升通胀的具体措施是什么。

为了推升通胀,压低实际利率和美元是最为直接有效的方法,而这将对黄金(以及科技股、比特币和非美货币等)构成长期利好。下图清晰地反映出10年期美国实际利率(蓝色)和黄金(红色)之间显著的负相关性。

黄金 vs 10年期美国实际利率 来源:fred.stlouisfed.org

全球央行的宽松大比拼

相比全球其他的主要央行,美联储昨天的表态并不是最为鸽派的。除了早已实施负利率的日本和欧洲央行之外,本周澳洲联储宣布降息并史上首次推行量化宽松,英国央行昨天宣布扩大资产购买规模,新西兰央行则考虑实施负利率政策。

在疫情肆虐,经济衰退的当下,谁都不愿意看到自家的货币单边升值,因此相继推出各种宽松措施就不难理解了。在这场全球宽松的竞赛中,从资产负债表与GDP比重的角度来看,美联储远远落后于日本和欧洲央行,这正好呼应了鲍威尔的言论,即美联储还没有到“弹尽粮绝”的时刻。

央行资产负债表占GDP比例 来源:Bloomberg

美元指数(USDX)目前维持弱势,正在测试此前多次提供支撑的92.50一线,若下破或将继续下探年内低点91.72。一旦美联储再次开启印钞机追赶同行的步伐,美元的贬值将继续推支撑黄金上扬。

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